English	Scientific	Range
King Penguin	Aptenodytes patagonicus	breeds on beaches of subantarctic islands, in Tierra del Fuego, Falkland Islands, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen, and Heard islands, and Macquarie Island (southeast of Australia); disperses widely at sea mostly around Antarctic Convergence
Emperor Penguin	Aptenodytes forsteri	breeds in scattered colonies on Antarctic continent edge and up to 200 km from open sea; ranges Antarctic seas to edge of ice pack and beyond, juveniles dispersing most widely
Adelie Penguin	Pygoscelis adeliae	breeds circumpolarly along coastline of Antarctica and associated islands; winters near edge of ice pack
Gentoo Penguin	Pygoscelis papua
	Pygoscelis papua taeniata	subantarctic waters, breeding on southern Indian Ocean islands (Prince Edward, Marion, Crozet, Heard), Macquarie Island (southeast of Australia); population on Kerguelen Island tentatively placed here, but represent a distinct taxon
	Pygoscelis papua papua	breeds on the Falkland Islands and, locally, in Tierra del Fuego
	Pygoscelis papua ellsworthi	breeds on the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland, South Orkney, and South Sandwich islands
	Pygoscelis papua poncetii	breeds on South Georgia Island
Chinstrap Penguin	Pygoscelis antarcticus	breeds on Antarctic Peninsula and associated islands, including Balleny Island (eastern Antarctica); winters mostly south of Antarctic Convergence, to southern South America and subantarctic islands
Little Penguin	Eudyptula minor
	Eudyptula minor novaehollandiae	coastal southern Australia including Tasmania
	Eudyptula minor iredalei	coastal northern North Island (New Zealand)
	Eudyptula minor variabilis	coastal southern North Island and Cook Strait (New Zealand)
	Eudyptula minor minor	coastal western and southern South Island and Stewart Island (New Zealand)
	Eudyptula minor albosignata	eastern South Island (New Zealand)
	Eudyptula minor chathamensis	Chatham Islands (east of New Zealand)
African Penguin	Spheniscus demersus	breeds coastal southern Namibia and southern South Africa; ranges to central Namibia and southeastern Africa
Humboldt Penguin	Spheniscus humboldti	Humboldt Current region of coastal northern Peru to central Chile
Galapagos Penguin	Spheniscus mendiculus	coastal western Galapagos (Fernandina and Isabela)
Magellanic Penguin	Spheniscus magellanicus	breeds coastal central Chile and central Argentina to Cape Horn and Falkland Islands; winters to southeastern Brazil
Yellow-eyed Penguin	Megadyptes antipodes	very local on coasts of South (where now very rare), Stewart and satellites, Auckland, and Campbell islands (New Zealand)
Fiordland Penguin	Eudyptes pachyrhynchus	breeds inland in forests of southwestern South Island, western and southern Stewart Island, and satellites (New Zealand); winters to seas south of Australia
Erect-crested Penguin	Eudyptes sclateri	breeds among rocks of Bounty and Antipodes islands (New Zealand); winters to waters of eastern South Island
Macaroni Penguin	Eudyptes chrysolophus	subantarctic islands in South Atlantic Ocean and southern Indian Ocean
Royal Penguin	Eudyptes schlegeli	breeds on coastal slopes of Macquarie and nearby Bishop and Clerk islands (southeast of Australia); winters mostly near colonies, with juveniles ranging farther
Western Rockhopper Penguin	Eudyptes chrysocome	breeds far southern Chilean islands of Magallanes Province to Cape Horn Archipelago and Falkland Islands; winters northward along Patagonian coast
Eastern Rockhopper Penguin	Eudyptes filholi	breeds coastally on Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen, Heard (southern Indian Ocean), Macquarie (southeast of Australia), and Auckland, Campbell, and Antipodes islands (New Zealand)
Northern Rockhopper Penguin	Eudyptes moseleyi	breeds among coastal rocks and tussocks of Tristan da Cunha group and Gough (South Atlantic), and St. Paul and Amsterdam islands (South Indian Ocean)
Snares Penguin	Eudyptes robustus	breeds coastal forest of Snares Islands; disperses westward to waters off southeastern Australia, and northward off New Zealand